Everything about Home Rule totally explained
Home rule Bill refers to a demand that constituent parts of a state be given greater
self-government within the greater administrative purview of the central government.
In the
United Kingdom, it has traditionally referred to self-government, or
devolution, for constituent nations (namely
Scotland,
Wales and
Ireland). Home rule also refers analogously to the process and mechanisms of self-government by
municipalities in many countries with respect to their immediately superior level of government (for example,
U.S. states, in which context see
special legislation). It can also refer to the similar system by which
Greenland and the
Faroe Islands are associated to
Denmark.
In the
British Empire, there were vigorous demands for Home Rule by activists in
Ireland and
India.
Home Rule isn't however comparable with
federalism. Whereas states in a federal system of government (for example,
Federal Republic of Germany,
Switzerland and the
United States of America) have a
guaranteed constitutional existence, a devolved home rule system of government is created by ordinary legislation and can be reformed, or even
abolished by mere repeal or amendment of that ordinary legislation.
Irish home rule
The issue of Irish home rule was the dominant political question of
British and
Irish politics at the end of the
19th and beginning of the
20th centuries.
From the late nineteenth century, Irish leaders of the
Home Rule League, the predecessor of the
Irish Parliamentary Party, under
Isaac Butt,
William Shaw and
Charles Stewart Parnell demanded a form of home rule, with the creation of an Irish parliament
within the British government of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This demand led to the eventual introduction of four Home Rule Bills, of which two were passed, the
Third Home Rule Act won by
John Redmond and most notably the
Government of Ireland Act 1920 (which created the home rule parliaments of
Northern Ireland and
Southern Ireland -- the latter state didn't in reality function and was replaced by the
Irish Free State), which was enacted.
The home rule demands of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century differed from earlier demands for
Repeal by
Daniel O'Connell in the first half of the nineteenth century. Whereas home rule meant a constitutional movement towards a national All-Ireland parliament in part under
Westminster,
repeal meant the repeal of the
1801 Act of Union if need be by physical force and the creation of an entirely independent Irish state, separated from the
United Kingdom, with only a shared monarch joining them both.
Indian Home Rule
Several nationalist leaders banded together in
1916 under the leadership of
Annie Besant to voice a demand for self-government, and to obtain the status of a
Dominion within the
British Empire as enjoyed by
Australia,
Canada,
South Africa,
New Zealand and
Newfoundland at the time.
While enjoying considerable popularity for some years, its growth and activity were stalled by the rise of
Mohandas Gandhi and his
Satyagraha art of revolution: non-violent, but mass-based
civil disobedience, aimed at complete independence.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Home Rule'.
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